1. Who is considered the father of the Protestant Reformation?
(a) John Calvin
(b) Martin Luther
(c) Ulrich Zwingli
(d) Ignatius Loyola
Ans :- (b) Martin Luther
2. Which document did Martin Luther famously nail to the church door in Wittenberg in 1517?
(a) Ninety-Five Theses
(b) Augsburg Confession
(c) Act of Supremacy
(d) Edict of Worms
Ans :- (a) Ninety-Five Theses
3. Which Pope excommunicated Martin Luther?
(a) Pope Leo X
(b) Pope Julius II
(c) Pope Paul III
(d) Pope Clement VII
Ans :- (a) Pope Leo X
4. The Reformation led to the establishment of which branch of Christianity?
(a) Catholicism
(b) Protestantism
(c) Eastern Orthodoxy
(d) Anglicanism
Ans :- (b) Protestantism
5. The Peace of Augsburg (1555) allowed which principle regarding religion?
(a) Religious uniformity
(b) Cuius regio, eius religio
(c) Separation of church and state
(d) Freedom of religion for al
Ans :- (b) Cuius regio, eius religio
6. Who was the leader of the Swiss Reformation?
(a) John Calvin
(b) Ulrich Zwingli
(c) Martin Luther
(d) Thomas Cranmer
Ans :- (b) Ulrich Zwingli
7. Which country remained largely Catholic despite the Reformation?
(a) England
(b) Sweden
(c) France
(d) Spain
Ans :- (d) Spain
8. John Calvin is most associated with which doctrine?
(a) Transubstantiation
(b) Predestination
(c) Sola scriptura
(d) Papal supremacy
Ans :- Predestination
9. Which English monarch established the Church of England?
(a) Henry VII
(b) Henry VIII
(c) Elizabeth I
(d) James I
Ans :- (b) Henry VIII
10. The Counter-Reformation was led by which religious group?
(a) Protestants
(b) Jesuits
(c) Puritans
(d) Anabaptists
Ans :- (b) Jesuits
11. The Council of Trent (1545-1563) was a response to which movement?
(a) The Renaissance
(b) The Reformation
(c) The Scientific Revolution
(d) The Great Schism
Ans :- (b) The Reformation
12. Which treaty ended the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) and allowed religious tolerance?
(a) Treaty of Westphalia
(b) Treaty of Versailles
(c) Edict of Nantes
(d) Peace of Augsburg
Ans :- Treaty of Westphalia
13. Which French king revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, leading to Protestant persecution?
(a) Louis XIV
(b) Francis I
(c) Henry IV
(d) Louis XVI
Ans :- (a) Louis XIV
14. Which region became the stronghold of Calvinism in the 16th century?
(a) Spain
(b) Scotland
(c) Italy
(d) Poland
Ans :- (b) Scotland
15. The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) was founded by whom?
(a) John Calvin
(b) Ignatius Loyola
(c) Martin Luther
(d) Ulrich Zwingli
Ans :- (b) Ignatius Loyola
16. Which book is the foundational text of Calvinism?
(a) The Institutes of the Christian Religion
(b) The 95 Theses
(c) The Book of Common Prayer
(d) The Papal Decrees
Ans :- (a) The Institutes of the Christian Religion
17. Which of the following was NOT a Protestant reformer?
- Martin Luther
(b) John Calvin
(c) Thomas More
(d) Ulrich Zwingli
Ans :- (c) Thomas More
18. The Act of Supremacy (1534) declared whom as the head of the Church of England?
(a) The Pope
(b) The Archbishop of Canterbury
(c) The King of England
(d) The Parliament
Ans :- (c) The King of England
19. The Renaissance began in which country?
(a) France
(b) Italy
(c) England
(d) Spain
Ans :- (b) Italy
20. Who is known as the “Father of Humanism”?
(a) Dante Alighieri
(b) Francesco Petrarch
(c) Niccolò Machiavelli
(d) Leonardo da Vinci
Ans :- (b) Francesco Petrarch
21. Which invention played a crucial role in spreading Renaissance ideas?
(a) Steam Engine
(b) Printing Press
(c) Telescope
(d) Compass
Ans :- (b) Printing Press
22. Who painted the famous fresco The School of Athens?
(a) Leonardo da Vinci
(b) Michelangelo
(c) Raphael
(d) Donatello
Ans :- (c) Raphael
23. The term “Renaissance” means:
- Rebirth
- Revolution
- Restoration
- Reform
Ans :- (a) Rebirth
24. Who wrote The Prince, a political treatise on power and governance?
- Erasmus
- Niccolò Machiavelli
- Thomas More
- Martin Luther
Ans :- (b) Niccolò Machiavelli
25. The Renaissance was inspired by which two ancient civilizations?
(a) Roman & Greek
(b) Egyptian & Mesopotamian
(c) Indian & Chinese
(d) Mayan & Aztec
Ans :- (a) Roman & Greek
26. The famous artwork Mona Lisa was painted by:
(a) Michelangelo
(b) Raphael
(c) Leonardo da Vinci
(d) Titian
Ans :- (c) Leonardo da Vinci
27. Which of the following Renaissance figures was NOT primarily an artist?
(a) Leonardo da Vinci
(b) Michelangelo
(c) Machiavelli
(d) Donatello
Ans :- (c) Machiavelli
- Who sculpted the famous statue of David?
- Michelangelo
- Donatello
- Leonardo da Vinci
- Raphael
Ans :- (a) Michelangelo
29. What was the main subject of Renaissance art?
(a) Religious Themes
(b) Humanism and Nature
(c) War and Battles
(d) Abstract Shapes
Ans :- (b) Humanism and Nature
30. Who was the Renaissance writer of Utopia?
(a) Niccolò Machiavelli
(b) Thomas More
(c) Erasmus
(d) Dante Alighieri
Ans :- (b) Thomas More
31. The Renaissance led to which significant religious movement?
(a) Reformation
(b) Crusades
(c) Inquisition
(d) Counter-Reformation
Ans :- (a) Reformation
32. Which Renaissance figure is known as the “Universal Man”?
(a) Michelangelo
(b) Galileo Galilei
(c) Leonardo da Vinci
(d) Erasmus
Ans :- (c) Leonardo da Vinci
33. Which of these books criticized the Catholic Church and sparked the Reformation?
(a) The Divine Comedy
(b) 95 Theses
(c) The Prince
(d) Utopia
Ans :- (b) 95 Theses
34. The Renaissance primarily flourished during which centuries?
(a) 10th-12th Century
(b) 13th-15th Century
(c) 14th-17th Century
(d) 16th-18th Century
Ans :- (c) 14th-17th Century
35. The Gutenberg Bible was printed in which year?
(a) 1439 (b) 1455
(c) 1492 (d) 1517
Ans :- (b) 1455
36. The Renaissance period is often called the:
(a) Dark Age
(b) Golden Age
(c) Age of Rebirth
(d) Age of Enlightenment
Ans :- (c) Age of Rebirth
37. The Renaissance had a major impact on which of the following fields?
(a) Science and Art
(b) Politics and Religion
(c) Literature and Philosophy
(d) All of the above
Ans :- (d) All of the above
38. Which English playwright is considered a Renaissance literary genius?
(a) . Christopher Marlowe
(b) . Geoffrey Chaucer
(c) William Shakespeare
(d) John Milton
Ans :- (c)William Shakespeare